Resumen Esta investigación tuvo por objetivo determinar las estrategias de la enfermera supervisora en la integración de equipos de trabajo de enfermería en una institución hospitalaria. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa realizada en un hospital de segundo nivel de atención, entre agosto de 2017 y julio de 2018. Se aplicó una entrevista individual a 10 enfermeras supervisoras de dicha institución. El análisis se efectuó mediante la técnica cromática y el análisis de contenido; la discusión se elaboró con base en el contraste de los datos obtenidos con la teoría de los Roles de Equipo de Belbin. Se presentan en categorías y subcategorías relacionadas con las características del talento humano de enfermería: nivel de conocimientos, habilidades técnicas, personalidad, habilidades interpersonales y equipos de alto desempeño. Se identificaron las estrategias que las supervisoras de enfermería utilizan al integrar equipos de trabajo.

Resumo Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo determinar as estratégias do enfermeiro supervisor na integração de equipes de trabalho de enfermagem em uma instituição hospitalar. Trata-se de uma investigação qualitativa realizada em um hospital de segundo nível, entre agosto de 2017 e julho de 2018. Foi aplicada uma entrevista individual a 10 enfermeiros supervisores dessa instituição. A análise foi realizada utilizando a técnica cromática e a análise de conteúdo; a discussão foi desenvolvida com base no contraste dos dados obtidos com a teoria dos papéis da equipe de Belbin. São apresentados em categorias e subcategorias relacionadas às características do talento humano em enfermagem: nível de conhecimento, habilidades técnicas, personalidade, habilidades interpessoais e equipes de alto desempenho. Estratégias que os supervisores de enfermagem usam ao integrar equipes de trabalho foram identificadas.

Abstract This research aimed to determine the strategies of the supervising nurse in the integration of nursing work teams in a hospital institution. This is a qualitative investigation carried out in a second level hospital, between August 2017 and July 2018. An individual interview was applied to 10 supervising nurses of that institution. The análisis was carried out using the chromatic technique and the content analysis; the discussion was developed based on the contrast of the data obtained with the Belbin Team Roles theory. They are presented in categories and subcategories related to the characteristics of human nursing talent: level of knowledge, technical skills, personality, interpersonal skills and high performance teams. Strategies that nursing supervisors use when integrating work teams were identified.

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) in Chile represents a source of germplasm with high nutritional value. However, there is little information available related to quinoa seed quality grown under contrasting environments. In this study we evaluated the changes on seed composition of seeds of two lowland/coastal quinoa genotypes grown under arid (Vicuna) and cold-temperate (Temuco) conditions in Chile. Results showed that in the case of ’Regalona Baer’ and ’Villarrica’ genotypes the arid location (with irrigation) led to a significant increase (P < 0.05) in grain yield (4.2 and 5.1 t ha-1, respectively), soluble dietary fiber (16.8 ± 0.4 and 28.9 ± 2.1 g kg-1 DM, respectively), vitamin B3 (2.44 ± 0.005 and 2.26 ± 0.04 mg 100 g-1 DM, respectively), saponins (3.22 ± 0.38 mg 100 g-1 DM, ’Regalona Baer’), phenolic compounds (19.2 ± 5.48 and 31.92 ± 1.14 mg gallic acid 100 g-1 DM, respectively) and components of proximate analysis, except protein content. The cold-temperate climate (rainfed) affected positively seed size (2.22 ± 0.17 mm ’Villarrica’) and 1000 seed weight (3.08 ± 0.08 and 3.29 ± 0.08 g, respectively), as well as insoluble dietary fiber content (112.3 ± 23.8 g kg-1 DM, ’Regalona Baer’). Furthermore, vitamin C was higher in ’Regalona Baer’ genotype at arid locality (31.22 ± 4.2 mg 100 g-1 DM), but much higher content was registered in ’Villarrica’ genotype at cold-temperate climate (49.3 ± 5.36 mg 100 g-1 DM). The environment-induced relationship among variables and genotypes was consistent with principal component analysis (PCA). The arid region of Vicuna in Chile represents a potential area for quinoa cultivation for lowland/coastal quinoa genotypes, whose nutritional and functional features were affected positively, due to the much more stressing climatic conditions.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo a análise das propriedades agronômicas, físicas, nutricionais e antioxidantes de seis genótipos diferentes de quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd), cultivados em três distintas zonas geográficas do Chile. Ancovinto e Cancosa, provenientes do norte do Altiplano (19 ºS), Cahuil e Faro, originários do centro (34 ºS), e Regalona e Villarica, do sul (39 ºS), foram representativos da alta diferenciação genética das amostras combinadas, em particular entre Altiplano e os grupos centro-sul. O ensaio do jardim de coleção a 30 ºS mostrou diferenças significativas entre as origens das sementes em todos os parâmetros morfométricos e também nos rendimentos. Os genótipos do Altiplano apresentaram uma panícula de maior comprimento, mas sem produção de sementes. Também se observou uma influência significativa dos genótipos diferentes de quinoa na composição química e propriedades funcionais. A concentração de proteína variou de 11,13 a 16,18 g.100 g-1 d.m., enquanto o conteúdo de fibra alimentar total de 8,07-12,08 g.100 g-1 de d.m., sendo ambos mais elevados no ecotipo Villarrica. Também se observou um equilíbrio adequado de aminoácidos essenciais. A sacarose foi o açúcar dominante em todos os genótipos. A atividade antioxidante foi alta em todos os genótipos, sendo maior no Faro (79,58% de inibição).

The present study was focused on the analysis of agronomical, nutritional, physicochemical, and antioxidant properties of six genetically different quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) genotypes cultivated in three distinctive geographical zones of Chile. Ancovinto and Cancosa genotypes from the northern Altiplano (19 ºS), Cáhuil and Faro from the central region (34 ºS), and Regalona and Villarica from the southern region (39 ºS) are representative of high genetic differentiation among the pooled samples, in particular between Altiplano and the central-southern groups. A Common-Garden Assay at 30 ºS showed significant differences among seed origins in all morphometric parameters and also in yields. Altiplano genotypes had larger panicule length but no seed production. A significant influence of the different quinoa genotypes on chemical composition and functional properties was also observed. Protein concentration ranged from 11.13 to 16.18 g.100 g-1 d.m., while total dietary fiber content ranged from 8.07-12.08 g.100 g-1 d.m., and both were the highest in Villarrica ecotype. An adequate balance of essential amino acids was also observed. Sucrose was the predominant sugar in all genotypes. Antioxidant activity was high in all genotypes, and it was highest in Faro genotype (79.58% inhibition).

This study explored the diversity of the quinoa crop in Chile from a nutritional perspective. Nutritional properties, minerals, vitamins, and saponin content were assessed in seeds of six Chilean quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) ecotypes grown in three main production areas with distinctive climatic and edaphic conditions: Ancovinto and Cancosa in the North-Altiplano or High Plateau, Cáhuil and Faro in the central coastal area, and Regalona and Villarrica in the south of the country. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in all the nutritional properties of the quinoa seeds in all three areas. Quinoa of the Villarrica ecotype showed the highest protein content (16.10 g 100 g-1 DM) and the highest content of vitamins E and C (4.644 ± 0.240 and 23.065 ± 1.119 mg 100 g-1 DM, respectively). The highest content of vitamins B1 (0.648 ± 0.006 mg 100 g-1 DM) and B3 (1.569 ± 0.026 mg 100 g-1 DM) was found in the Regalona ecotype, while the highest value of vitamin B2 (0.081 ± 0.002 mg 100 g-1 DM) occurred in the Ancovinto ecotype. Potassium was the most abundant mineral with a maximum value of 2325.56 mg 100 g-1 DM in the Cancosa ecotype. Saponin content varied from 0.84 g 100 g-1 DM in the Villarrica ecotype to 3.91 g 100 g-1 DM in the Cáhuil ecotype. Significant differences were found among the Chilean quinoa ecotypes grown under different climatic conditions; however, all the quinoa seeds exhibited a high nutritional value. These results are compatible with the genetic differences previously observed in the three geographical areas under study. Thus, if more studies are conducted to show the particular properties of quinoa from specific areas, it would be possible in the future to coin the term "controlled designation of origin" (appellation d’origine contrólée) and add commercial value to Chilean quinoa seeds in the domestic and international markets.

La diversidad en el cultivo de la quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) de Chile fue explorada desde una perspectiva nutricional. En este contexto las propiedades nutricionales como también los contenidos de minerales, vitaminas y saponina fueron evaluados en las semillas de seis ecotipos chilenos de quínoa, cultivados en las tres principales zonas de producción con condiciones edafoclimáticas distintas: Ancovinto y Cancosa del altiplano del norte, Cáhuil y Faro de la zona costera central y, Regalona y Villarrica en el sur del país. Hubo diferencias significativas (P < 0.05) en todas las propiedades nutricionales de las semillas de todas las zonas. El ecotipo Villarrica tenia el mayor contenido de proteína (16.10 g 100 g-1 MS) y de vitamina E y C (4.644 ± 0.240 y 23.065 ± 1.119 mg 100 g-1 MS, respectivamente). El mayor contenido de vitamina B1 (0.648 ± 0.006 mg 100 g-1 MS) y B3 (1.569 ± 0.026 mg 100 g-1 MS) fue encontrado en el ecotipo Regalona, y el mayor contenido de vitamina B2 (0.081 ± 0.002 mg 100 g-1 MS) en el ecotipo Ancovinto. El K fue el mineral más abundante con un valor de 2325.56 mg 100 g-1 MS en el ecotipo Cancosa. El contenido de saponina fluctuó entre 0.84 g 100 g-1 MS en el ecotipo Villarrica y 3.91 g 100 g-1 MS en el ecotipo Cáhuil. Hubo diferencias significativas entre los ecotipos chilenos de quínoa cultivados bajo diferentes condiciones climáticas. No obstante, las semillas de quinoa de cualquier zona demuestran un alto valor nutricional. Estos resultados son relevantes en el sentido que se puede afirmar que la quinoa tiene propiedades típicas de la zona de cultivo. Los resultados obtenidos son coincidentes con diferencias genéticas observadas previamente entre las tres localidades muestreadas. Si se agregan más estudios de este tipo podria acunarse el término de "denominación de origen controlado" (appellation d’origine contrólée) y dar un valor agregado a las semillas de quinoa de Chile tanto en el mercado nacional como internacional.

Drying kinetics of quinoa-supplemented feed for laboratory rats during processing at 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90ºC was studied and modeled in this work. Desorption isotherm was obtained at 60ºC giving a monolayer moisture content of 0.04 g water/g d.m. The experimental drying curves showed that drying process took place only in the falling rate period. Several thin-layer drying equations available in the literature were evaluated based on determination coefficient (r²), sum squared errors (SSE) and Chi-square (χ2) statisticals. In comparison to the experimental moisture values, the values estimated with the Logarithmic model gave the best fit quality (r² >0.994, SSE < 0.00015 and χ2 < 0.00018), showing this equation could predict very accurately the drying time of rat feed under the operative conditions applied.

Centimeter-sized crystals of struvite (MgNH4PO(4)6H2O) were found during the drilling of a core from Chalco paleolake, Mexico for paleoecological and paleoclimatical research. Struvite is a biogenic mineral, unstable in most geological environments. The unusual size and preservation of these struvite crystals allowed us to perform a chemical and mineralogical characterization. This is the first record of struvite from a geological locality in Mexico, and one of the most remarkable in the world.

Se describe la presencia de cristales centimétricos del mineral estruvita (MgNH4PO(4)6H2O) en un núcleo de perforación del lago de Chalco, México, extraído en el marco de un estudio paleoecológico y paleoclimático. La estruvita es un fosfato de origen biogénico altamente inestable en muchos ambientes geológicos. Dada la rareza de encontrar cristales de origen natural tan bien preservados, se realizó una caracterización química y mineralógica de dicho mineral. Se reporta por primera vez la presencia de estruvita en el registro geológico de México, siendo la de Chalco una de las localidades más destacables del mundo.